Which two states lack groundwater management plans?

• A. California and Texas
• B. California and Nevada
• C. Texas and Florida
• D. Oregon and Washington

Answer: (A)

Groundwater management plans are formal state-level frameworks that coordinate how a whole state's aquifers are used, monitored, and protected. Some states meet this with a statewide policy or plan, while others rely mainly on local or regional authorities to manage groundwater without a single overarching state plan.

In this context, California and Texas are identified as lacking a comprehensive statewide groundwater management plan. California’s approach emphasizes local groundwater sustainability agencies and plans under SGMA rather than a single statewide plan. Texas relies on numerous local groundwater districts for management, without one uniform state-wide framework. Therefore, they are the best match for the situation described.

The other options involve states that, in the materials, are described as having at least some statewide framework or more centralized planning for groundwater, so they don’t fit this specific criterion.